路面工程機(jī)械設(shè)備的常見種類有哪些？

What are the common types of road construction machinery and equipment?

　　工程機(jī)械的種類很多，一般情況說起工程機(jī)械就是挖掘機(jī)、裝載機(jī)等常見的鏟土設(shè)備或者是起重機(jī)一類的設(shè)備。而路面工程機(jī)械設(shè)備很少見。下面我們就來認(rèn)識(shí)、了解幾款路面工程機(jī)械設(shè)備。

There are many types of construction machinery, and when it comes to construction machinery, it generally refers to common shovel equipment such as excavators, loaders, or cranes. However, road construction machinery and equipment are rare. Next, let's get to know and understand several types of road construction machinery and equipment.

　　一、攤鋪機(jī)

1、 Paver

　　攤鋪機(jī)相對(duì)與其他大部分路面設(shè)備大家要稍微熟悉一些，但非專業(yè)人員想必也沒有做過深入了解，有些人可能還認(rèn)為攤鋪機(jī)只是用來鋪瀝青路面的，其實(shí)不然，現(xiàn)在的有很多水穩(wěn)層也是攤鋪機(jī)攤的，當(dāng)然水穩(wěn)也還有用挖掘機(jī)或平地機(jī)攤平的，但攤鋪機(jī)鋪的壓實(shí)度和平整度要好些，施工要求高的都用攤鋪機(jī)攤水穩(wěn)。自卸車將水穩(wěn)拌合料（或?yàn)r青）運(yùn)來后對(duì)著攤鋪機(jī)的料斗緩慢卸料，料斗底部的輸送帶將拌合料往里送到螺旋葉片處，天氣熱的原因工作時(shí)側(cè)蓋打開露出了三員大將。攤鋪機(jī)工作時(shí)由三個(gè)人操作，上面的全面負(fù)責(zé)，根據(jù)自卸車和料斗里料的多少控制行走，自卸車走后折疊料斗，當(dāng)然其它的上面也可以控制，但由于距離遠(yuǎn)視線不好，所以后面兩端還要有兩個(gè)人專門負(fù)責(zé)操作。兩邊的螺旋葉片分別由兩個(gè)馬達(dá)驅(qū)動(dòng)，可以單獨(dú)控制，攤鋪機(jī)工作時(shí)，熨板兩端站的人就是根據(jù)料的多少操作螺旋葉片的，并且適當(dāng)調(diào)節(jié)熨板寬度。這就是熨板兩端的控制器，一邊一個(gè)，可以控制螺旋葉片旋轉(zhuǎn)和攤鋪的寬度，一方面根據(jù)料的多少控制螺旋葉片，另一方面攤鋪過程中攤鋪機(jī)離路邊的距離會(huì)有小范圍變化，也靠這個(gè)控制器調(diào)整。這兩個(gè)控制器是活動(dòng)的，工作時(shí)拿出來固定在兩端，下班時(shí)收起來鎖在駕駛室里。每車料卸完后料斗往中間折疊一下，將料斗兩邊的料弄到中間的輸送帶上。工人幫忙把地上撒的收起來，主要是把履帶行走軌跡上的清凈，保證攤鋪機(jī)平穩(wěn)行走，從而保證攤鋪效果平整。鋪瀝青路面時(shí)為了防止瀝青油料粘在熨平板上，要電加熱熨平板，所以有一個(gè)專門的馬達(dá)帶個(gè)發(fā)電機(jī)為其供電。剛鋪出來的瀝青“滋滋”作響，煙氣彌漫，瀝青應(yīng)該還在沸點(diǎn)溫度，站在邊上像站在一個(gè)大火盆跟前。

Compared to most other road equipment, pavers are somewhat familiar to everyone, but non professionals probably haven't had a deep understanding. Some people may still think that pavers are only used to lay asphalt roads, but in fact, many water stable layers are also paved by pavers. Of course, water stable layers can also be leveled by excavators or graders, but the compactness and flatness of pavers are better, and those with high construction requirements use pavers for water stability. The dump truck slowly unloads the water stabilized mixture (or asphalt) towards the hopper of the paver. The conveyor belt at the bottom of the hopper transports the mixture inward to the spiral blades. Due to hot weather, the side cover is opened during operation, revealing three generals. During the operation of the paver, there are three people who are responsible for the overall operation. They control the movement based on the amount of material in the dump truck and hopper. After the dump truck leaves, the hopper can be folded. Of course, other areas can also be controlled from above. However, due to the distance and poor visibility, there are two people at the back who are specifically responsible for the operation. The spiral blades on both sides are driven by two motors and can be controlled separately. When the paver is working, the people standing at both ends of the ironing plate operate the spiral blades according to the amount of material and adjust the width of the ironing plate appropriately. This is the controller at both ends of the ironing board, one on each side, which can control the rotation of the spiral blades and the width of the paving. On the one hand, the spiral blades are controlled according to the amount of material, and on the other hand, the distance between the paving machine and the roadside may vary slightly during the paving process, which can be adjusted by this controller. These two controllers are movable, fixed at both ends during operation, and locked in the cab after work. After each truck is unloaded, fold the hopper towards the middle and transfer the materials on both sides of the hopper onto the conveyor belt in the middle. The workers help to collect the scattered material on the ground, mainly to keep the track clean and ensure the smooth operation of the paver, thus ensuring a smooth paving effect. When laying asphalt pavement, in order to prevent asphalt from sticking to the ironing plate, it is necessary to electrically heat the ironing plate, so there is a special motor with a generator to supply power to it. The newly laid asphalt sizzled, and smoke filled the air. The asphalt should still be at its boiling point, standing beside it like standing in front of a large fire pit.

　　二、冷再生

2、 Cold regeneration

　　冷再生是一個(gè)比較陌生的東西，如果你參加過12年寶馬展那就應(yīng)該認(rèn)識(shí)這種神器。

Cold regeneration is a relatively unfamiliar thing, and if you have participated in a BMW exhibition in 2012, you should know this kind of artifact.

　　先大概了解一下冷再生，冷再生是在常溫下使用冷再生專用機(jī)械連續(xù)完成銑刨和破碎包括面層和部分基層在內(nèi)的舊路面結(jié)構(gòu)層、添加再生材料、拌和、攤鋪、碾壓等作業(yè)過程．重新形成具有一定承載能力的結(jié)構(gòu)層。

First, let's have a general understanding of cold recycling. Cold recycling is the process of using specialized machinery for cold recycling to continuously complete milling, crushing, adding recycled materials, mixing, paving, rolling, and other operations on the old pavement structure layer, including the surface layer and part of the base layer, at room temperature. It re forms a structural layer with a certain load-bearing capacity.

　　三、銑刨機(jī)

3、 Milling machine

　　在工程機(jī)械迅速發(fā)展的今天，以前修路用挖掘機(jī)的場(chǎng)面不見了，取而代之的是銑刨機(jī)。下面我們就以銑刨機(jī)行業(yè)的大佬----維特根的W1900為例來研究一下這個(gè)路面工程機(jī)械當(dāng)中的大家伙。前后各兩條履帶，四條小履帶看起來很敦實(shí)的感覺，每條履帶有一個(gè)立柱支撐，這就是傳說中的四輪獨(dú)立懸掛！行走馬達(dá)沒有護(hù)板，暴露在外，可能是常走柏油路不上山的緣故。銑刨箱上的液壓缸看起來很苗條，不過應(yīng)該夠用了，畢竟是經(jīng)過工程師匹配設(shè)計(jì)的。

Today, with the rapid development of construction machinery, the scene of excavators used for road construction has disappeared, replaced by milling machines. Next, let's take Wittgen's W1900, a leader in the milling machine industry, as an example to study the big guy in this road construction machinery. There are two tracks in front and two tracks in the back, and the four small tracks look very solid. Each track is supported by a pillar, which is the legendary four-wheel independent suspension! The walking motor lacks a protective plate and is exposed, which may be due to frequent use of asphalt roads and not going up the mountain. The hydraulic cylinder on the milling box looks very slim, but it should be sufficient, after all, it has been matched and designed by engineers.

　　路面工程在工程建設(shè)方面占有很大的比重，同樣路面工程機(jī)械在整個(gè)工程機(jī)械當(dāng)中也有著非常重要的地位，相信在將來路面工程機(jī)械設(shè)備也會(huì)想挖掘機(jī)、裝載機(jī)一樣被大家所熟悉。

Road engineering accounts for a large proportion in engineering construction, and similarly, road engineering machinery plays a very important role in the entire construction machinery. I believe that in the future, road engineering machinery and equipment will also be familiar to everyone like excavators and loaders.

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